Showing posts with label semantic web. Show all posts
Showing posts with label semantic web. Show all posts

Scripting Intelligence: Web 3.0 Information Gathering and Processing (Expert's Voice in Open Source) Review

Scripting Intelligence: Web 3.0 Information Gathering and Processing (Expert's Voice in Open Source)
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Scripting Intelligence: Web 3.0 Information Gathering and Processing (Expert's Voice in Open Source) ReviewThis four-part book is focused on programming techniques and technologies that in the author's opinion can help next generation web applications handle data more "intelligently". The code samples are implemented in Ruby (and a little bit of Java).
Part One (Chapters 1-3) is basically an introduction to text and natural language processing, sampling tools and techniques for extracting raw text from various document types (e.g., pdf to plain text), classifying a document's subject matter (e.g., is this a document on "Health" or "Politics") or overall sentiment direction (degree of positiveness or negativeness), and recognizing entities such as persons and places in text (e.g., is "Florida" in a given sentence referring to a U.S. state, which is a place entity, or a person whose last name is Florida?).
Part Two (Chapters 4-7) provides tutorials on the Semantic Web, explaining what the RDF subject-predicate-object data format is and how a query language like SPARQL supports inferencing. URLs for publicly available RDF data sets, as well as tools and services useful for exploring them are given.
Part Three (Chapters 8-12) covers topics relating to the use of object-relational mapping (e.g., ActiveRecord and DataMapper used in standalone mode) and search (e.g., Lucene and Sphinx) technologies, publishing relational data as RDF data,and strategies for large-scale data storage involving the use of multiple servers, memcached, CouchDB, Amazon S3, or Amazon EC2.
Part Four (Chapters 13-15) includes a really good tutorial on the use of Hadoop-like Map Reduce facilities for large scale data processing, and ties things together by showing how the knowledge learned from previous chapters can be applied to the development of more substantial web applications.
The author uses many open-source gems (Ruby-centric software library) and tools in this book (most will work fine on Linux, Mac, or Windows, and with Ruby 1.8.x or 1.9, but exceptions are reported clearly), so in many cases, you only need to write a limited amount of code to follow along. If you don't want to download and install the gems, Appendix A provides instructions on how to apply for an Amazon Web Services account to access a ready to use Amazon Machine Image put together by the author for use on a rented Amazon EC2 Server Instance.
Because of the breadth of coverage, each technology can only be discussed to a limited depth, which some readers may find adequate and some may not, depending on a reader's interest on a particular topic, but most should still find this book to be a valuable resource, and that the author explains things well and concisely.Scripting Intelligence: Web 3.0 Information Gathering and Processing (Expert's Voice in Open Source) OverviewIntelligent information management is the key to many Web 2.0 applications, and Semantic Web technologies like the SPARQL query language are helping Web 2.0 evolve into Web 3.0. This book addresses how to use Ruby not only for basic information management tasks, but also how to use it with Semantic Web tools like RDF Schema and SPARQL. This book offers practical advice and example code rather than getting bogged down in the academic and theoretical side of information management.This book offers the reader recipes using Ruby for intelligent information management including information extraction from text, using Semantic Web technologies, information gathering (relational database metadata, web scraping, Wikipedia, Freebase), combining information from multiple sources, and strategies for publishing processed information. This book will be a valuable tool for anyone needing to gather, process, and publish web or database information.

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Tagging: People-powered Metadata for the Social Web Review

Tagging: People-powered Metadata for the Social Web
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Tagging: People-powered Metadata for the Social Web Review
This was a really good book. It wasn't what I expected it to be. But it was a worthwhile read. I picked it up because I do a fair amount of work writing book reviews and making guides and booklists on Amazon. And Amazon now lets guys like me create tags for the books I review and include in guides and lists. I kind of expected this book would have talked a little bit about the Amazon system of tagging. Nope. But that's OK. It's still a good book. It includes seven chapters and three appendices:
1. What is tagging?
2. The value of tagging
3. Tagging system architecture
4. Tags, metadata, and classical systems
5. Navigation and visualization
6. Interfaces
7. Technical design
A. Case study: social bookmarking
B. Case study: media sharing
C. Case study: personal information management
Tagging is a form of information that is really starting to take root in our computer systems and online systems. I first experienced it back in 1998 when I purchased a copy of Lotus Organizer to use as my Personal Information Manager (PIM) when practicing law. The program allowed me to cross-reference the many lists I had created in its database. I thought it was really cool back then.
I was just getting into creating Web sites in 1998, too. And I found the tagging features in Lotus Organizer enabled me to do with the data in my database what I was doing with my Web pages in my Web sites. Basically tagging is another name for hyperlinking. Nothing more and nothing less. A tag will take you to a new idea, concept, data item, data page, or database. It's a springboard that will take you to information.
This book points out that tagging is a new form of information management as it relates to personal organization, information architecture, and online communities. I suppose my Lotus Organizer program is an example of the first, and Amazon's system is an example of the last. So is it really all that new?
All in all, this book explains the value of tagging. It's a guide to what, how and why to tag. Each chapter ended in a list of bullet points called a Summary. I liked this feature very much since it helped me skim through the book quickly. 5 stars!Tagging: People-powered Metadata for the Social Web OverviewTagging is fast becoming one of the primary ways people organize and manage digital information. Tagging complements traditional organizational tools like folders and search on users desktops as well as on the web. These developments mean that tagging has broad implications for information management, information architecture and interface design. And its reach extends beyond these technical domains to our culture at large. We can imagine, for example, the scrapbookers of the future curating their digital photos, emails, ticket stubs and other mementos with tags. This book explains the value of tagging, explores why people tag, how tagging works and when it can be used to improve the user experience. It exposes tagging's superficial simplicity to reveal interesting issues related to usability, information architecture, online community and collective intelligence.

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Practical RDF Review

Practical RDF
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Practical RDF ReviewThere's a lot of information in this book, and there's really no alternative source for much of it. The RDF spec kept changing while this book was being written, which accounts for how some of the inconsistencies and inaccuracies got into the text.
However, it wasn't proofreading that should have caught these problems but the technical reviewers. They flat fell down on the job. On page 20, for instance, the text says that "in all instances of RDF graphs I've seen, [the direction of the arrows] is from right to left." Right below it, and in all the graphs in the book and in all RDF graphs that _I_ have seen, they point from left to right.
Or on page 41, the text says "a blank node is represented by an oval (it is a resource)" and in all the book's figures, blank nodes are represented by rectangles. Many other such maddening inconsistencies occur between the text and the figures and examples, which frustrates someone trying to learn what's going on.
Every writer gets some things wrong, and it's up to the publisher and its tech review to catch and correct them. Powers may have written uninspiredly and slipped up in her revising, but it's O'Reilly and the four people who provided technical review that is more at fault for the problems.Practical RDF Overview
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a structure for describing and interchanging metadata on the Web--anything from library catalogs and worldwide directories to bioinformatics, Mozilla internal data structures, and knowledge bases for artificial intelligence projects. RDF provides a consistent framework and syntax for describing and querying data, making it possible to share website descriptions more easily. RDF's capabilities, however, have long been shrouded by its reputation for complexity and a difficult family of specifications. Practical RDF breaks through this reputation with immediate and solvable problems to help you understand, master, and implement RDF solutions.

Practical RDF explains RDF from the ground up, providing real-world examples and descriptions of how the technology is being used in applications like Mozilla, FOAF, and Chandler, as well as infrastructure you can use to build your own applications. This book cuts to the heart of the W3C's often obscure specifications, giving you tools to apply RDF successfully in your own projects.

The first part of the book focuses on the RDF specifications. After an introduction to RDF, the book covers the RDF specification documents themselves, including RDF Semantics and Concepts and Abstract Model specifications, RDF constructs, and the RDF Schema. The second section focuses on programming language support, and the tools and utilities that allow developers to review, edit, parse, store, and manipulate RDF/XML. Subsequent sections focus on RDF's data roots, programming and framework support, and practical implementation and use of RDF and RDF/XML.

If you want to know how to apply RDF to information processing, Practical RDF is for you. Whether your interests lie in large-scale information aggregation and analysis or in smaller-scale projects like weblog syndication, this book will provide you with a solid foundation for working with RDF.


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Professional XML (Programmer to Programmer) Review

Professional XML (Programmer to Programmer)
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Professional XML (Programmer to Programmer) ReviewWhen I was trying to pick a book to fill in the gaps (chasms) in my XML experience, I routed around in the amazon percentage, (what percent of people bought this book, what percent bought other books.) This one seemed to have a good go-to ratio, and on one of the other books, the review referred to this one. I bought it second hand and got an excellent price. I am pleased. It reads easily and has a useful index.
With that said, this 800+ page book includes:
XML Basics: Syntax, Editors, Other tools
Presentation: XHTML and CSS
XML-FO
Defining Structure: DTDs and Schemas (and Relax NG)
XML as Data: the template translator XSLT, XPath, and XQuery
XML in the Data Tier, relation to relational DBs
Programming XML: the XML Document Object Model (DOM), Simple API for XML (SAX) ,and yes Ajax, XML and .Net, XML and Java, Python, Ruby, and Perl
XML Services: RSS and Atom, Web services
SOAP and WSDL:
Advanced Web services
more stuff including 30 pages of XML in Office Development.
Professional XML (Programmer to Programmer) Overview
As XML gains popularity, developers are looking to implement XML technologies in their line-of-business applications
This book offers readers real-world insight into XML so that they can build the best possible applications
Offers an in-depth look at XML and discusses XML tools, services (RSS, SOAP, REST, WSDL), programming (DOM, SAX, Ajax), and languages (.NET, Java, PHP)


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Semantic Web Programming Review

Semantic Web Programming
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Semantic Web Programming ReviewThis book will help you acquire knowledge or skills in: the Semantic Web approach to Information Modeling, the use of rules to augment such models when needed, where to find data sets already formatted for Semantic Web usage or ontologies that you could adapt for your application if you don't want to create one from scratch, how to interrogate the Semantic Web using special browsers or browser plugins, search engines, or a query language such as SPARQL, how to use an open-source tool such as Protege from Stanford University to create Semantic Web Information Models, an open-source reasoning engine like Pellet for making inferences flowing from your data sets, and an open-source development framework like Jena from Hewlett Packard for creating Semantic Web applications.
This is not the only book written for software developers but it is the best available so far, especially if you are a Java Developer. Toby Segaran et al's "Programming the Semantic Web" uses Python as the main programming language and has more limited coverage of Semantic Web topics. Both books, however, are quite readable even if you are not a programmer. If you're really looking to learn just the concepts, however, you might want to consider "A Semantic Web Primer 2nd Edition" by Grigoris Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen, or "Introduction to the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services" by Liyang Yu, instead.
I like this book very much not only because it is very well-written and thought out, but also for its up-to-date and broad coverage. It covers Version 2 of the Web Ontology Language used for Information Modeling, so new features such as property chains, keys, and custom data types are discussed. It has a good tutorial on SPARQL, and the chapter on Patterns and Best Practices include architectural recommendations and useful tips for managing URIs and annotations. It provides references to important concept papers, and to popular open-source and commercial tools.
I do hope that future editions of this book will include: more concrete discussions of the challenges involved in modeling and using Semantic Web data due to the paradigm's adherence to the Open World rather than the Closed World Assumption, and recommendations on potential approaches to model versioning and addressing security concerns such as role-based viewing of Semantic Web data. Overall, however, an excellent book!Semantic Web Programming OverviewThe next major advance in the Web?Web 3.0?will be built on semantic Web technologies, which will allow data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. Written by a team of highly experienced Web developers, this book explains examines how this powerful new technology can unify and fully leverage the ever-growing data, information, and services that are available on the Internet. Helpful examples demonstrate how to use the semantic Web to solve practical, real-world problems while you take a look at the set of design principles, collaborative working groups, and technologies that form the semantic Web. The companion Web site features full code, as well as a reference section, a FAQ section, a discussion forum, and a semantic blog.

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